nigel.stanger / Digital_Repository
Transfer to URL with SHA Find file
Newer
Older
Digital_Repository / Misc / Mass downloads / UTas / 1655.html
Nigel Stanger on 7 May 2013 31 KB - Imported Misc directory.
Raw Blame History 
  1. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
  2. "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
  3. <html>
  4.   <head>
  5.     <title>UTas ePrints - Green school grounds as sites for outdoor learning: barriers and opportunities</title>
  6.     <script type="text/javascript" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/javascript/auto.js"><!-- padder --></script>
  7.     <style type="text/css" media="screen">@import url(http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/auto.css);</style>
  8.     <style type="text/css" media="print">@import url(http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/print.css);</style>
  9.     <link rel="icon" href="/images/eprints/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" />
  10.     <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/images/eprints/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" />
  11.     <link rel="Top" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/" />
  12.     <link rel="Search" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/search" />
  13.     <meta content="Dyment, J." name="eprints.creators_name" />
  14. <meta content="article" name="eprints.type" />
  15. <meta content="2007-09-06" name="eprints.datestamp" />
  16. <meta content="2008-01-08 15:30:00" name="eprints.lastmod" />
  17. <meta content="show" name="eprints.metadata_visibility" />
  18. <meta content="Green school grounds as sites for outdoor learning: barriers and opportunities" name="eprints.title" />
  19. <meta content="pub" name="eprints.ispublished" />
  20. <meta content="339999" name="eprints.subjects" />
  21. <meta content="public" name="eprints.full_text_status" />
  22. <meta content="school ground greening, teaching, outdoor classrooms, outdoor
  23. learning, environmental education, barriers" name="eprints.keywords" />
  24. <meta content="Published by Channel View Publications. Definitive version is available online at http://www.multilingual-matters.com/multi/journals/journals_irgee.asp" name="eprints.note" />
  25. <meta content="In their review of evidence-based research entitled A Review of Research on Outdoor
  26. Learning, Rickinson et al. (2004) identify five key constraints that limit the amount of
  27. outdoor learning. This paper explores whether green school grounds might be a location
  28. where these constraints could be minimised. Specifically, it reports on a study that
  29. sought to investigate the use of green school grounds as sites for outdoor learning, to
  30. identify barriers that impede such use, and to examine how these barriers differ from
  31. those cited in Rickinson et al.'s review. A mixed method approach was used: (1) 149
  32. questionnaires were completed by administrators, teachers, and parents associated
  33. with 45 school ground greening initiatives in a Canadian school board; (2) 21 follow-up
  34. interviews were completed at five of the schools. Study participants reported that green
  35. school grounds are used regularly for teaching some subjects, notably science and
  36. physical education, but considerably less for teaching language arts, mathematics, and
  37. geography. They also identified a series of barriers that limit the amount of outdoor
  38. learning and these are compared to those identified by Rickinson et al. (2004). This
  39. paper concludes with a discussion of how the opportunities for teaching and learning
  40. on green school grounds can be more fully maximised." name="eprints.abstract" />
  41. <meta content="2005" name="eprints.date" />
  42. <meta content="published" name="eprints.date_type" />
  43. <meta content="International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education" name="eprints.publication" />
  44. <meta content="14" name="eprints.volume" />
  45. <meta content="1" name="eprints.number" />
  46. <meta content="28-45" name="eprints.pagerange" />
  47. <meta content="UNSPECIFIED" name="eprints.thesis_type" />
  48. <meta content="TRUE" name="eprints.refereed" />
  49. <meta content="1038-2046" name="eprints.issn" />
  50. <meta content="http://www.multilingual-matters.net/irgee/014/irgee0140028.htm" name="eprints.official_url" />
  51. <meta content="Adams, E. (1990) Learning Through Landscapes:AReport on the Use, Design, Management, and
  52. Development of School Grounds. Winchester: Learning through Landscapes Trust.
  53. 42 International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education
  54. Adams, E. (1991) Back to basics: Aesthetic experience. Children's Environments Quarterly 8
  55. (2), 19-29.
  56. Adams, E. (1993) School's out!:Newinitiatives for British school grounds. Children's Environments
  57. 10 (2), 180-91.
  58. Alexander, J., Wales North, M. and Hendren, M.D.K. (1995) Master gardener classroom
  59. garden project: An evaluation of the benefits to children. Children's Environments 12 (2),
  60. 256-63.
  61. Ballantyne, R. and Packer, J. (2002) Nature-based excursions: School students' perceptions
  62. of learning in natural environments. International Journal of Geographical and
  63. Environmental Education 11 (3), 218-36.
  64. Barker, S., Slingsby, D. and Tilling, S. (2003) Teaching Biology Outside the Classroom: Is it
  65. Heading for Extinction? FSC Occasional Publication 72. Shrewsbury: Field Studies
  66. Council/British Ecological Society.
  67. Bell, A.C. (2001a) Engaging spaces: On school-based habitat restoration. Canadian Journal
  68. of Environmental Education 6, 209-24.
  69. Bell, A.C. (2001b) The pedagogical potential of school grounds. In T. Grant and G.
  70. Littlejohn (eds) Greening School Grounds: Creating Habitats for Learning (pp. 9-11).
  71. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society.
  72. Canaris, I. (1995) Growing foods for growing minds: Integrating gardening and nutrition
  73. education into the total curriculum. Children's Environments 12 (2), 264-70.
  74. Centre for Ecoliteracy (1999) The edible schoolyard. Berkeley, CA: Learning in the Real
  75. World.
  76. Cheskey, E. (1994, September/October) Habitat restoration: Changing the schoolyard
  77. changes behaviour. FWTAO Newsletter, 2-7.
  78. Comishan, K., Dyment, J.E., Potter, T. and Russell, C.L. (2004) The development and
  79. implementation of outdoor-based secondary school integrated programs. Applied Environmental
  80. Education and Communication 3 (1), 47-54.
  81. Cronin-Jones, L. (2000) The effectiveness of schoolyards as sites for elementary science
  82. instruction. School Science and Mathematics 100 (4), 203-11.
  83. Department of Education and Skills (2003) Growing Schools Garden: Teachers' Resource Pack.
  84. United Kingdom: Department of Education and Skills, Learning Through Landscapes,
  85. The Federation of City Farms and Community Gardens.
  86. Dyment, J.E. (2004a) &quot;At that age, you just accept what you have . . . You never question
  87. things&quot;: A case study of student participation in school ground greening projects.
  88. Children, Youth and Environments 14 (1), 130-52. See also onWWWat http://cye.colorado.
  89. edu.
  90. Dyment, J.E. (2004b) Green(ing) school grounds in the Toronto District School Board: An
  91. investigation of potential. Unpublished PhD Thesis, Joint PhD Program through Brock
  92. University, Lakehead University, University of Windsor, and University of Western
  93. Ontario, Ontario, Canada.
  94. Dyment, J.E. (2005) Gaining ground: The power and potential of green school grounds in
  95. the Toronto District School Board. Toronto, Ontario: Evergreen. Available at http://
  96. www.evergreen.ca/en/lg/lg-resources.html.
  97. Eden, E.S. (1998) Digging down deep: Educational experiences with the earth in a
  98. gardening/farming context. North American Montessori Teacher's Association Journal 23
  99. (1), 323-32.
  100. Engel, S. (1991) The world is a white blanket: Children write about nature. Children's Environments
  101. Quarterly 8 (2), 42-5.
  102. Evans, J. (1995) Conflict and control in the school playground. Changing Education: A
  103. Journal for Teachers and Administrators 2 (1/2), 17-22.
  104. Evergreen (2001) Patterns, Plants and Playgrounds: Educational Activities for British Columbia
  105. School Grounds. Toronto, ON: Evergreen.
  106. Fisher, J.A. (2001) The demise of fieldwork as an integral part of science education in
  107. schools:Avictim of cultural change and political pressure. Pedagogy, Culture and Society
  108. 9 (1), 75-96.
  109. Gamson Danks, S. (2000) Ecological schoolyards. Landscape Architecture 90 (11), 42-7.
  110. Green School Grounds as Sites for Outdoor Learning 43
  111. Grahn, P., Martensoon, F., Lindblad, B., Nilsoon, P. and Ekman, A. (1997) Ute pa Dagis.
  112. Stad and Land, [Outdoor Daycare. City and Country] 145. Hassleholm, Sverige: Norra
  113. Skane Offset.
  114. Grant, T. and Littlejohn, G. (eds) (2001) Greening School Grounds: Creating Habitats for
  115. Learning. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society.
  116. Ham, S.H. and Sewing, D.R. (1988) Barriers to environmental education. Journal of Environmental
  117. Education 19 (2), 17-24.
  118. Hansen-Moller, J. and Taylor, G. (1991) Creative nature interpretation for children.
  119. Children's Environments Quarterly 8 (2), 30-37.
  120. Hart, P. and Nolan, K. (1999) A critical analysis of research in environmental education.
  121. Studies in Science Education 34, 1-69.
  122. Hart, R. (1997) Children's Participation: The Theory and Practice of Involving Young Citizens in
  123. Community Development and Environmental Care. London: Earthscan.
  124. Harvey, M.R. (1989) The relationship between children's experiences with vegetation on
  125. school grounds and their environmental attitudes. Journal of Environmental Education 21
  126. (2), 9-15.
  127. Humphries, S. and Rowe, S. (1994) The biggest classroom. In P. Blatchford and S. Sharp
  128. (eds) Breaktime and the School: Changing Playground Behaviour (pp. 107-17). London:
  129. Routledge.
  130. Hunter, J., Layzell, J. and Rogers, N. (1998) School Landscapes: A Participative Approach to
  131. Design. Winchester: Hampshire County Council.
  132. Huttenmoser, M. (1995) Children and their living surroundings: Empirical investigations
  133. into the significance of living surroundings for the everyday life and development of
  134. children. Children's Environments 12 (4), 403-13.
  135. Kenny, K. (1996) Grounds for Learning: A Celebration of School Site Development in Scotland.
  136. Winchester: Learning through Landscapes.
  137. Kirkby, M.A. (1989) Nature as refuge in children's environments. Children's Environments
  138. Quarterly 6 (1), 7-12.
  139. Konoshima, H. (1995) Participation of school children in agricultural activities at school
  140. farms in Shiga Prefecture. Acta Horticulture 391, 217-22.
  141. Lieberman, G.A. and Hoody, L.L. (1998) Closing the Achievement Gap: Using the Environment
  142. as an Integrated Context for Learning. Ponway, CA: Science Wizards.
  143. Mabie, R. and Baker, M. (1996)Acomparison of experiential instructional strategies upon
  144. the science process skills of urban elementary students. Journal of Agricultural Education
  145. 37 (2), 1-7.
  146. Malone, K. and Tranter, P.J. (2003a) Children's environmental learning and the use,
  147. design and management of school grounds. Children, Youth and Environments 13 (2), On
  148. WWW at http://cye.colorado.edu. Accessed 15.02.04.
  149. Malone, K. and Tranter, P.J. (2003b) School grounds as sites for learning: Making the most
  150. of environmental opportunities. Environmental Education Research 9 (3), 283-303.
  151. Mannion, G. (2003) Children's participation in school grounds developments: Creating a
  152. place for education that promotes social inclusion. International Journal of Inclusive
  153. Education 7 (2), 175-92.
  154. Martil-de Castro, W. (1999) Grounding environmental education in the lives of urban
  155. students. Pathways: The Ontario Journal of Outdoor Education 11 (2), 15-17.
  156. McCutcheon, N. and Swanson, A. (2001) Tips and tricks for taking kids outside. In T.
  157. Grant and G. Littlejohn (eds) Greening School Grounds: Creating Habitats for Learning (pp.
  158. 127-9). Gabriola Island, BC: New Society.
  159. Moore, R.C. (1996) Outdoor settings for playing and learning: Designing school grounds
  160. to meet the needs of the whole child and whole curriculum. North American Montessori
  161. Teacher's Association Journal 21 (3), 97-120.
  162. Moore, R.C. and Wong, H.H. (1997) Natural Learning: The Life History of an Environmental
  163. Schoolyard. Berkeley, CA: MIG Communications.
  164. Nabhan, G.P. and Trimble, S. (1994) The Geography of Childhood: Why Children Need Wild
  165. Spaces. Boston, MA: Beacon.
  166. Olwig, K.R. (1991) Childhood, artistic creation, and the educated sense of place. Children's
  167. Environments Quarterly 8 (2), 4-18.
  168. 44 International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education" name="eprints.referencetext" />
  169. <meta content="Dyment, J. (2005) Green school grounds as sites for outdoor learning: barriers and opportunities. International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education, 14 (1). pp. 28-45. ISSN 1038-2046" name="eprints.citation" />
  170. <meta content="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/1655/1/IRGEE_2005_Dyment.pdf" name="eprints.document_url" />
  171. <link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.0/" />
  172. <meta content="Green school grounds as sites for outdoor learning: barriers and opportunities" name="DC.title" />
  173. <meta content="Dyment, J." name="DC.creator" />
  174. <meta content="339999 Other Education" name="DC.subject" />
  175. <meta content="In their review of evidence-based research entitled A Review of Research on Outdoor
  176. Learning, Rickinson et al. (2004) identify five key constraints that limit the amount of
  177. outdoor learning. This paper explores whether green school grounds might be a location
  178. where these constraints could be minimised. Specifically, it reports on a study that
  179. sought to investigate the use of green school grounds as sites for outdoor learning, to
  180. identify barriers that impede such use, and to examine how these barriers differ from
  181. those cited in Rickinson et al.'s review. A mixed method approach was used: (1) 149
  182. questionnaires were completed by administrators, teachers, and parents associated
  183. with 45 school ground greening initiatives in a Canadian school board; (2) 21 follow-up
  184. interviews were completed at five of the schools. Study participants reported that green
  185. school grounds are used regularly for teaching some subjects, notably science and
  186. physical education, but considerably less for teaching language arts, mathematics, and
  187. geography. They also identified a series of barriers that limit the amount of outdoor
  188. learning and these are compared to those identified by Rickinson et al. (2004). This
  189. paper concludes with a discussion of how the opportunities for teaching and learning
  190. on green school grounds can be more fully maximised." name="DC.description" />
  191. <meta content="2005" name="DC.date" />
  192. <meta content="Article" name="DC.type" />
  193. <meta content="PeerReviewed" name="DC.type" />
  194. <meta content="application/pdf" name="DC.format" />
  195. <meta content="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/1655/1/IRGEE_2005_Dyment.pdf" name="DC.identifier" />
  196. <meta content="http://www.multilingual-matters.net/irgee/014/irgee0140028.htm" name="DC.relation" />
  197. <meta content="Dyment, J. (2005) Green school grounds as sites for outdoor learning: barriers and opportunities. International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education, 14 (1). pp. 28-45. ISSN 1038-2046" name="DC.identifier" />
  198. <meta content="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/1655/" name="DC.relation" />
  199. <link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/1655/BibTeX/epprod-eprint-1655.bib" title="BibTeX" type="text/plain" />
  200. <link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/1655/ContextObject/epprod-eprint-1655.xml" title="OpenURL ContextObject" type="text/xml" />
  201. <link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/1655/ContextObject::Dissertation/epprod-eprint-1655.xml" title="OpenURL Dissertation" type="text/xml" />
  202. <link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/1655/ContextObject::Journal/epprod-eprint-1655.xml" title="OpenURL Journal" type="text/xml" />
  203. <link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/1655/DC/epprod-eprint-1655.txt" title="Dublin Core" type="text/plain" />
  204. <link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/1655/DIDL/epprod-eprint-1655.xml" title="DIDL" type="text/xml" />
  205. <link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/1655/EndNote/epprod-eprint-1655.enw" title="EndNote" type="text/plain" />
  206. <link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/1655/HTML/epprod-eprint-1655.html" title="HTML Citation" type="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
  207. <link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/1655/METS/epprod-eprint-1655.xml" title="METS" type="text/xml" />
  208. <link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/1655/MODS/epprod-eprint-1655.xml" title="MODS" type="text/xml" />
  209. <link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/1655/RIS/epprod-eprint-1655.ris" title="Reference Manager" type="text/plain" />
  210. <link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/1655/Refer/epprod-eprint-1655.refer" title="Refer" type="text/plain" />
  211. <link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/1655/Simple/epprod-eprint-1655text" title="Simple Metadata" type="text/plain" />
  212. <link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/1655/Text/epprod-eprint-1655.txt" title="ASCII Citation" type="text/plain; charset=utf-8" />
  213. <link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/1655/XML/epprod-eprint-1655.xml" title="EP3 XML" type="text/xml" />
  214.  
  215.   </head>
  216.   <body bgcolor="#ffffff" text="#000000" onLoad="loadRoutine(); MM_preloadImages('images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c5_f2.gif','images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c7_f2.gif','images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c8_f2.gif','images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c9_f2.gif','images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c10_f2.gif','images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c11_f2.gif','images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r6_c4_f2.gif')">
  217.     
  218.     <div class="ep_noprint"><noscript><style type="text/css">@import url(http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/nojs.css);</style></noscript></div>
  219.  
  220.  
  221.  
  222.  
  223. <table width="795" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
  224.   <tr>
  225.     <td><script language="JavaScript1.2">mmLoadMenus();</script>
  226.       <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="795">
  227.         <!-- fwtable fwsrc="eprints_banner_final2.png" fwbase="ePrints_banner.gif" fwstyle="Dreamweaver" fwdocid = "1249563342" fwnested="0" -->
  228.         <tr>
  229.           <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="32" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
  230.           <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="104" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
  231.           <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="44" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
  232.           <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="105" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
  233.           <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="41" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
  234.           <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="16" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
  235.           <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="68" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
  236.           <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="68" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
  237.           <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="68" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
  238.           <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="82" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
  239.           <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="69" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
  240.           <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="98" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
  241.           <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
  242.         </tr>
  243.         <tr>
  244.           <td colspan="12"><img name="ePrints_banner_r1_c1" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r1_c1.gif" width="795" height="10" border="0" alt="" /></td>
  245.           <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="10" border="0" alt="" /></td>
  246.         </tr>
  247.         <tr>
  248.           <td rowspan="6"><img name="ePrints_banner_r2_c1" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r2_c1.gif" width="32" height="118" border="0" alt="" /></td>
  249.           <td rowspan="5"><a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/"><img name="ePrints_banner_r2_c2" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r2_c2.gif" width="104" height="103" border="0" alt="" /></a></td>
  250.           <td colspan="10"><img name="ePrints_banner_r2_c3" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r2_c3.gif" width="659" height="41" border="0" alt="" /></td>
  251.           <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="41" border="0" alt="" /></td>
  252.         </tr>
  253.         <tr>
  254.           <td colspan="3"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/"><img name="ePrints_banner_r3_c3" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r3_c3.gif" width="190" height="31" border="0" alt="" /></a></td>
  255.           <td rowspan="2" colspan="7"><img name="ePrints_banner_r3_c6" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r3_c6.gif" width="469" height="37" border="0" alt="" /></td>
  256.           <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="31" border="0" alt="" /></td>
  257.         </tr>
  258.         <tr>
  259.           <td colspan="3"><img name="ePrints_banner_r4_c3" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r4_c3.gif" width="190" height="6" border="0" alt="" /></td>
  260.           <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="6" border="0" alt="" /></td>
  261.         </tr>
  262.         <tr>
  263.           <td colspan="2"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c3" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c3.gif" width="149" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
  264.           <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><a href="/information.html" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore();MM_startTimeout()" onMouseOver="MM_showMenu(window.mm_menu_0821132634_0,0,25,null,'ePrints_banner_r5_c5');MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r5_c5','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c5_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c5" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c5.gif" width="57" height="25" border="0" alt="About" /></a></td>
  265.           <td rowspan="2"><a href="/view/" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore();MM_startTimeout()" onMouseOver="MM_showMenu(window.mm_menu_0821133021_1,0,25,null,'ePrints_banner_r5_c7');MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r5_c7','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c7_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c7" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c7.gif" width="68" height="25" border="0" alt="Browse" /></a></td>
  266.           <td rowspan="2"><a href="/perl/search/simple" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore();MM_startTimeout()" onMouseOver="MM_showMenu(window.mm_menu_0821133201_2,0,25,null,'ePrints_banner_r5_c8');MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r5_c8','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c8_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c8" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c8.gif" width="68" height="25" border="0" alt="Search" /></a></td>
  267.           <td rowspan="2"><a href="/perl/register" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore();MM_startTimeout();" onMouseOver="MM_showMenu(window.mm_menu_1018171924_3,0,25,null,'ePrints_banner_r5_c9');MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r5_c9','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c9_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c9" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c9.gif" width="68" height="25" border="0" alt="register" /></a></td>
  268.           <td rowspan="2"><a href="/perl/users/home" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore();MM_startTimeout()" onMouseOver="MM_showMenu(window.mm_menu_0821133422_4,0,25,null,'ePrints_banner_r5_c10');MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r5_c10','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c10_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c10" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c10.gif" width="82" height="25" border="0" alt="user area" /></a></td>
  269.           <td rowspan="2"><a href="/help/" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore();MM_startTimeout()" onMouseOver="MM_showMenu(window.mm_menu_0821133514_5,0,25,null,'ePrints_banner_r5_c11');MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r5_c11','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c11_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c11" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c11.gif" width="69" height="25" border="0" alt="Help" /></a></td>
  270.           <td rowspan="3" colspan="4"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c12" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c12.gif" width="98" height="40" border="0" alt="" /></td>
  271.           <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
  272.         </tr>
  273.         <tr>
  274.           <td rowspan="2"><img name="ePrints_banner_r6_c3" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r6_c3.gif" width="44" height="39" border="0" alt="ePrints home" /></td>
  275.           <td><a href="/" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore()" onMouseOver="MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r6_c4','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r6_c4_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r6_c4" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r6_c4.gif" width="105" height="24" border="0" alt="ePrints home" /></a></td>
  276.           <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="24" border="0" alt="" /></td>
  277.         </tr>
  278.         <tr>
  279.           <td><img name="ePrints_banner_r7_c2" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r7_c2.gif" width="104" height="15" border="0" alt="" /></td>
  280.           <td colspan="8"><img name="ePrints_banner_r7_c4" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r7_c4.gif" width="517" height="15" border="0" alt="" /></td>
  281.           <td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="15" border="0" alt="" /></td>
  282.         </tr>
  283.       </table></td>
  284.   </tr>
  285.     <tr><td><table width="100%" style="font-size: 90%; border: solid 1px #ccc; padding: 3px"><tr>
  286.       <td align="left"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home">Login</a> | <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/register">Create Account</a></td>
  287.       <td align="right" style="white-space: nowrap">
  288.         <form method="get" accept-charset="utf-8" action="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/search" style="display:inline">
  289.           <input class="ep_tm_searchbarbox" size="20" type="text" name="q" />
  290.           <input class="ep_tm_searchbarbutton" value="Search" type="submit" name="_action_search" />
  291.           <input type="hidden" name="_order" value="bytitle" />
  292.           <input type="hidden" name="basic_srchtype" value="ALL" />
  293.           <input type="hidden" name="_satisfyall" value="ALL" />
  294.         </form>
  295.       </td>
  296.     </tr></table></td></tr>
  297.   <tr>
  298.     <td class="toplinks"><!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="content" -->
  299.  
  300.  
  301. <div align="center">
  302.   
  303.   <table width="720" class="ep_tm_main"><tr><td align="left">
  304.     <h1 class="ep_tm_pagetitle">Green school grounds as sites for outdoor learning: barriers and opportunities</h1>
  305.     <p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><span class="person_name">Dyment, J.</span> (2005) <xhtml:em>Green school grounds as sites for outdoor learning: barriers and opportunities.</xhtml:em> International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education, 14 (1). pp. 28-45. ISSN 1038-2046</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"></p><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a onmouseover="EPJS_ShowPreview( event, 'doc_preview_2147' );" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/1655/1/IRGEE_2005_Dyment.pdf" onmouseout="EPJS_HidePreview( event, 'doc_preview_2147' );"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" class="ep_doc_icon" border="0" /></a><div class="ep_preview" id="doc_preview_2147"><table><tr><td><img alt="" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/1655/thumbnails/1/preview.png" class="ep_preview_image" border="0" /><div class="ep_preview_title">Preview</div></td></tr></table></div></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/1655/1/IRGEE_2005_Dyment.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF</span></a> - Requires a PDF viewer<br />145Kb</td></tr></table><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block">Official URL: <a href="http://www.multilingual-matters.net/irgee/014/irgee0140028.htm">http://www.multilingual-matters.net/irgee/014/irgee0140028.htm</a></p><div class="not_ep_block"><h2>Abstract</h2><p style="padding-bottom: 16px; text-align: left; margin: 1em auto 0em auto">In their review of evidence-based research entitled A Review of Research on Outdoor
  306. Learning, Rickinson et al. (2004) identify five key constraints that limit the amount of
  307. outdoor learning. This paper explores whether green school grounds might be a location
  308. where these constraints could be minimised. Specifically, it reports on a study that
  309. sought to investigate the use of green school grounds as sites for outdoor learning, to
  310. identify barriers that impede such use, and to examine how these barriers differ from
  311. those cited in Rickinson et al.'s review. A mixed method approach was used: (1) 149
  312. questionnaires were completed by administrators, teachers, and parents associated
  313. with 45 school ground greening initiatives in a Canadian school board; (2) 21 follow-up
  314. interviews were completed at five of the schools. Study participants reported that green
  315. school grounds are used regularly for teaching some subjects, notably science and
  316. physical education, but considerably less for teaching language arts, mathematics, and
  317. geography. They also identified a series of barriers that limit the amount of outdoor
  318. learning and these are compared to those identified by Rickinson et al. (2004). This
  319. paper concludes with a discussion of how the opportunities for teaching and learning
  320. on green school grounds can be more fully maximised.</p></div><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" cellpadding="3" class="not_ep_block" border="0"><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Item Type:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Article</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Additional Information:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Published by Channel View Publications. Definitive version is available online at http://www.multilingual-matters.com/multi/journals/journals_irgee.asp</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Keywords:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">school ground greening, teaching, outdoor classrooms, outdoor
  321. learning, environmental education, barriers</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Subjects:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/339999.html">330000 Education &gt; 339900 Other Education &gt; 339999 Other Education</a></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ID Code:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">1655</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited By:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><span class="ep_name_citation"><span class="person_name">Mrs Anita Cubit</span></span></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited On:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">06 Sep 2007</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Last Modified:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">09 Jan 2008 02:30</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ePrint Statistics:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a target="ePrintStats" href="/es/index.php?action=show_detail_eprint;id=1655;">View statistics for this ePrint</a></td></tr></table><p align="right">Repository Staff Only: <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home?screen=EPrint::View&amp;eprintid=1655">item control page</a></p>
  322.   </td></tr></table>
  323. </div>
  324.  
  325.  
  326.  
  327.     <!-- InstanceEndEditable --></td>
  328.   </tr>
  329.   <tr>
  330.     <td><!-- #BeginLibraryItem "/Library/footer_eprints.lbi" -->
  331.     <table width="795" border="0" align="left" cellpadding="0" class="footer">
  332.   <tr valign="top">
  333. <td colspan="2"><div align="center"><a href="http://www.utas.edu.au">UTAS home</a> | <a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/library/">Library home</a> | <a href="/">ePrints home</a> | <a href="/contact.html">contact</a> | <a href="/information.html">about</a> | <a href="/view/">browse</a> | <a href="/perl/search/simple">search</a> | <a href="/perl/register">register</a> | <a href="/perl/users/home">user area</a> | <a href="/help/">help</a></div><br /></td>
  334. </tr>
  335. <tr><td colspan="2"><p><img src="/images/eprints/footerline.gif" width="100%" height="4" /></p></td></tr>
  336.       <tr valign="top">
  337.         <td width="68%" class="footer">Authorised by the University Librarian<br />
  338. © University of Tasmania ABN 30 764 374 782<br />
  339.       <a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/cricos/">CRICOS Provider Code 00586B</a> | <a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/copyright/copyright_disclaimers.html">Copyright &amp; Disclaimers</a> | <a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/accessibility/index.html">Accessibility</a> | <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/feedback/">Site Feedback</a>  </td>
  340.         <td width="32%"><div align="right">
  341.             <p align="right" class="NoPrint"><a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/"><img src="http://www.utas.edu.au/shared/logos/unioftasstrip.gif" alt="University of Tasmania Home Page" width="260" height="16" border="0" align="right" /></a></p>
  342.             <p align="right" class="NoPrint"><a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/"><br />
  343.             </a></p>
  344.         </div></td>
  345.       </tr>
  346.       <tr valign="top">
  347.         <td><p>  </p></td>
  348.         <td><div align="right"><span class="NoPrint"><a href="http://www.eprints.org/software/"><img src="/images/eprintslogo.gif" alt="ePrints logo" width="77" height="29" border="0" align="bottom" /></a></span></div></td>
  349.       </tr>
  350.     </table>
  351.     <!-- #EndLibraryItem -->
  352.     <div align="center"></div></td>
  353.   </tr>
  354. </table>
  355.  
  356.   </body>
  357. </html>